The 2023 census results of Montenegro revealed that 41.12% of the population identifies as Montenegrin, with 33% identifying as Serb, showing a notable increase from previous years. The census also found that 9.45% of the population are Bosniaks, 4.97% are Albanians, 2.06% are Russians, and 1.63% are Muslims, while 2.88% chose not to declare an ethnicity. These results were published by the Statistical Office of Montenegro, MONSTAT.
Montenegro’s ethnic composition has been a sensitive issue, especially since the breakup of Yugoslavia in the 1990s. The question of ethnicity and nationality plays a significant role in the political landscape of the Balkans, with Montenegro separating from Serbia in 2006. Despite relatively good relations between Serbia and Montenegro, ethnic tensions persist in the Western Balkans. The rise in the population of Serbs in Montenegro may impact pro-Serbian politics in the country, as well as the beliefs of Montenegrin nationalists.
The recent census results indicate a decrease in the number of Montenegrins compared to the 2011 census, when about 45% of the population identified as such. On the other hand, the percentage of citizens identifying as Serbs has increased by more than four percent, reaching 33% in the latest count. This shift in ethnic identification could have implications for the cultural and political dynamics within Montenegro, as well as its relations with neighboring countries.
The diverse ethnic makeup of Montenegro reflects the complex history of the region, with various groups coexisting within its borders. The presence of Bosniaks, Albanians, Russians, and Muslims alongside Montenegrins and Serbs highlights the multicultural nature of the country. The choice of some individuals not to declare an ethnicity also speaks to the complexity of identity in a post-Yugoslav context.
As the population dynamics in Montenegro continue to evolve, it is essential to address issues of ethnic diversity and inclusion in the country. Understanding the various identities present within society can help foster mutual understanding and respect among different groups. By recognizing and celebrating the cultural richness of Montenegro, the country can work towards building a more inclusive and harmonious society for all its citizens.
In conclusion, the 2023 census results in Montenegro provide valuable insights into the ethnic composition of the country and its implications for politics and society. The increasing number of Serbs and the decreasing number of Montenegrins raise questions about the future dynamics of the nation. Embracing diversity and promoting intercultural dialogue will be crucial in navigating the complexities of identity and nationalism in Montenegro and the wider Balkan region.
