Brasilia – Calls for a legally binding international framework to address human rights in the context of climate change gained momentum at the 30th session of the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (COP30) in Brazil. Sultan bin Hassan Al Jamali, Secretary-General of the National Human Rights Committee (NHRC) of Qatar, urged nations to prioritize the adoption of such an instrument and strengthen international protection mechanisms for those impacted by the growing climate crisis. This push comes as global leaders grapple with increasingly severe weather events and their disproportionate effects on vulnerable populations.
The NHRC hosted an expanded consultative forum in collaboration with Qatar’s Ministry of Environment and Climate Change (MECC) on the sidelines of COP30. The forum focused on climate change and climate justice, emphasizing the responsibilities of National Human Rights Institutions (NHRIs) in safeguarding rights. Discussions centered on ensuring accountability and providing effective remedies for those suffering the consequences of a warming planet.
The Urgent Need for a Binding Climate and Human Rights Agreement
Al Jamali stressed that the full realization of human rights and the achievement of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) by 2030 are inextricably linked to a just and equitable global response to climate change. He argued that international cooperation, particularly in supporting developing nations, is crucial for mitigating climate-related risks. According to Al Jamali, a fair climate framework must be adopted to address the challenges effectively.
The forum builds upon the Doha Declaration on Climate Change and Human Rights, adopted in February 2023, which highlighted the interconnectedness of environmental degradation and fundamental rights. The NHRC views the declaration as a key stepping stone towards more concrete action on the international stage.
Compounding Threats to Human Rights
Al Jamali further elaborated on the complex web of challenges exacerbating the impact of climate change on human rights. He pointed to widening discrimination, increased marginalization of vulnerable groups, rising poverty and unemployment, and growing displacement as factors that amplify the risks. These issues, combined with climate change, create a “multiplying threat” to human dignity and well-being, he stated.
Presentations during the forum illustrated the real-world consequences of these threats. Dr. Jorge Augusto Nogueira, a Brazilian legal advisor, detailed the response to devastating floods in Rio Grande do Sul in 2024, which affected approximately 21.5% of the state’s population. His presentation focused on the measures taken to support affected communities and rebuild infrastructure.
Raquel Caballero de Guevara, Prosecutor for the Defense of Human Rights in El Salvador, shared her country’s experience overcoming conflict and economic hardship. She emphasized the importance of analyzing the impact of climate change on human rights globally, noting that common challenges like food and water insecurity and forced migration transcend national borders.
NHRI Roles in Promoting Climate Justice
The forum featured three key papers. Hamad Salem Al Hajri, Director of the Programs and Education Department at the NHRC, presented on the role of NHRIs in adopting a human rights-based approach to climate issues. Aline A. Larroyed, from the Brazilian Public Defender’s Office, discussed climate governance and effective redress mechanisms. Finally, Rosa Guillermina Sandoval, Deputy Attorney for El Salvador, focused on corporate responsibility in protecting human rights and addressing climate change.
Alongside the forum, Al Jamali held a bilateral meeting with the Human Rights Ombudsperson of El Salvador. Both parties reaffirmed their commitment to strengthening cooperation, sharing expertise, and coordinating efforts on global human rights initiatives. They discussed potential joint programs focusing on women’s rights, vulnerable groups, and the promotion of peace.
Looking ahead, the international community is expected to continue negotiations towards a more robust and legally binding agreement on climate change and human rights. The success of these efforts will depend on the willingness of nations to prioritize equity, accountability, and the protection of those most vulnerable to the impacts of a changing climate. Further developments are anticipated in the lead-up to future COP conferences, and the role of NHRIs in advocating for these principles will remain critical.
