Researchers in the Netherlands have made a surprising discovery in a national brain bank – a subgroup of individuals who had signs of Alzheimer’s disease in their brain tissue but never showed symptoms while alive. This phenomenon, known as resilience to Alzheimer’s symptoms, is rare but can occur due to genetics or lifestyle choices. Cognitive-boosting activities have also been shown to help offset symptoms of the disease, according to studies conducted. Dementia affects millions worldwide, with up to 70% of cases being Alzheimer’s disease, characterized by the toxic buildup of proteins amyloid and tau.
In the study published in Acta Neuropathologica Communications, researchers identified 12 individuals with clear indications of Alzheimer’s in their brain tissue but no symptoms while alive. This raised questions about the disease and what makes a person resilient to it. The resilient group showed increased production of an antioxidant called metallothionein by brain cells called astrocytes. Additionally, their brain cells had more mitochondria, leading to stronger energy production. Genetic and lifestyle factors also play a role in resilience to Alzheimer’s, according to experts in the field.
Cognitive reserve, which is the brain’s resilience to damage, can significantly impact the onset and severity of Alzheimer’s symptoms. There can be a delay of 20-30 years between the first signs of amyloid deposits in the brain and the onset of symptoms, allowing individuals to build up cognitive reserve through experiences and knowledge gained throughout their lifetime. Brain challenging activities such as learning new skills, reading, or playing musical instruments can help increase cognitive reserve and delay cognitive decline, according to experts in Alzheimer’s prevention.
While Alzheimer’s disease usually manifests as memory loss, cognitive deficits, and changes in personality and behavior, some individuals may show markers of the disease without experiencing symptoms. Genetic mutations can confer protection against the onset of symptoms, as seen in rare cases of individuals with Alzheimer’s pathology but no cognitive decline. Lifestyle factors such as alcohol use, smoking, diet, education, social interaction, and exercise can also contribute to the disease’s progression. Engaging in cognitive activities such as reading, playing games, and solving puzzles has been shown to delay the onset of Alzheimer’s disease and reduce dementia risk among older adults.
Research indicates a continuum of Alzheimer’s symptoms rather than a categorical distinction between symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. Early detection of symptoms can help individuals seek appropriate care and intervention. As the understanding of Alzheimer’s disease and its complexities continues to evolve, further research is needed to identify effective strategies for prevention and treatment. By promoting cognitive health through lifestyle interventions and cognitive activities, individuals can potentially reduce their risk of developing dementia and improve their brain health as they age.