The Reserve Bank of India (RBI) is widely anticipated to maintain the status quo on interest rates during its upcoming December Monetary Policy Committee (MPC) meeting. A recent report by YES Bank projects the policy repo rate will remain unchanged at 5.5 per cent, alongside a continuation of the current policy stance. This expectation comes amidst a complex economic landscape characterized by robust growth, surprisingly low inflation, and emerging headwinds.
RBI Policy Repo Rate: A Pause Expected in December
The consensus among analysts, as highlighted by the YES Bank report, leans towards a “touch-and-go” scenario. While the conditions might allow for a rate cut, the limited space for further reductions and several countervailing factors suggest the RBI will likely opt to remain on pause. The report explicitly states an expectation for the central bank to “stay on a pause in December and keep rates and stance unchanged.”
This cautious approach is understandable given the delicate balance the RBI must strike between fostering economic growth and controlling inflation.
Inflation Trends and Forecasts
Currently, headline retail inflation is comfortably below the 2 per cent mark, and projections indicate it will remain subdued for the next three to four months. This provides some leeway for potential easing, but the RBI is likely factoring in potential upward pressure from base effects in the coming quarters.
Interestingly, YES Bank anticipates the RBI will revise its inflation forecasts downward. They project a reduction in the FY26 inflation forecast to 1.8-2.0 per cent, down from the current 2.6 per cent. Furthermore, the Q1FY27 inflation projection could be lowered to around 4 per cent, compared to the RBI’s existing estimate of 4.5 per cent. YES Bank itself estimates inflation at a low 3.1 per cent. This downward revision in inflation expectations supports the argument for maintaining the current rate.
Economic Growth and Emerging Challenges
India’s economic performance has been a bright spot, with Q2 FY26 growth reaching a strong 8.2 per cent. High-frequency data for October also pointed to continued expansion. However, recent indicators like the Manufacturing PMI and Index of Industrial Production (IIP) suggest a potential softening of momentum.
Several factors could challenge growth in the near future. The initial boost from festive demand is expected to fade, and a slowdown in the central government’s capital expenditure (capex) is also anticipated. These factors contribute to the rationale for a cautious monetary policy. The Indian economy needs careful nurturing.
Reasons for Maintaining the Status Quo
The YES Bank report outlines four key reasons supporting the RBI’s likely decision to hold rates steady. These are:
- New Data Series: The launch of a new CPI and GDP series in February 2026 introduces uncertainty, making a significant policy shift premature.
- Vegetable-Driven Inflation: The current low inflation is largely driven by falling vegetable prices and GST cuts, which are considered temporary factors.
- Credit-Deposit Ratio: Credit growth is outpacing deposit growth, and further reductions in deposit rates could negatively impact lending.
- Rupee Depreciation: Lower foreign inflows and pressure on the rupee make it unsuitable to widen the interest rate gap with the US.
These considerations highlight the complexities the RBI faces in navigating the current economic environment. Maintaining a stable interest rate environment is crucial for attracting foreign investment and preventing excessive capital outflow.
Implications of a Hold on the Policy Repo Rate
Keeping the RBI policy and stance unchanged in December allows the central bank to maintain stability and retain policy flexibility. It provides time to assess the impact of recent economic developments and gather more data before making any further adjustments.
Additionally, a pause allows the RBI to observe the effects of previous rate hikes and ensure they are effectively curbing inflationary pressures without unduly stifling economic growth. This measured approach is particularly important given the global economic uncertainties and potential risks to India’s growth trajectory.
The MPC meeting is currently underway, from December 3-5, with the final policy decision scheduled to be announced on December 5th at 10 AM by RBI Governor Sanjay Malhotra. Market participants and economists will be closely watching the announcement for further insights into the RBI’s outlook on the economy and its future policy intentions.
Understanding the nuances of the monetary policy is vital for investors, businesses, and consumers alike. The RBI’s decision will undoubtedly shape the economic landscape in the coming months, influencing borrowing costs, investment decisions, and overall economic activity.