The Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) has strongly condemned Israel’s recent recognition of Somaliland, a self-declared independent region of Somalia, calling it a violation of the country’s sovereignty. An extraordinary meeting of the OIC’s Executive Committee was held in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia, on January 2nd, 2024, to address the escalating diplomatic tensions and reaffirm support for the Federal Republic of Somalia. The move by Israel has sparked widespread concern regarding regional stability in the Horn of Africa.
OIC Secretary-General Hissein Brahim Taha emphasized the organization’s unwavering commitment to Somalia’s unity and territorial integrity. According to a statement released following the meeting, Taha stressed that these principles are non-negotiable, particularly as Somalia confronts numerous security and political challenges. The OIC asserts its collective responsibility to support the Somali federal government during this critical period.
OIC Rejects Israel’s Recognition of Somaliland, Backs Somalia’s Sovereignty
The core issue revolves around Somaliland’s declaration of independence from Somalia in 1991, following the collapse of Siad Barre’s government and the ensuing civil war. While Somaliland operates as a de facto independent state with its own government, military, and currency, it has not gained widespread international recognition. This lack of recognition is a significant factor in Somalia’s ongoing claim to the region.
Israel’s decision to recognize Somaliland, announced in late December 2023, came with promises of expanded security and economic cooperation. The agreement included plans for establishing a mutual liaison office and pursuing collaborations in areas such as water management and agriculture, as reported by the Associated Press. However, this move has been viewed as deeply provocative by the Somali government.
Historical Context and Regional Implications
Somalia has long considered Somaliland an integral part of its territory and has consistently opposed any attempts to grant it international legitimacy. The country has been struggling with instability for decades, exacerbated by the presence of al-Shabaab militants and ongoing political divisions. This fragile environment makes the issue of Somaliland’s status especially sensitive.
The OIC’s strong stance reflects broader concerns about the potential for increased instability in the Horn of Africa. The region is already facing numerous challenges, including conflict in Sudan, drought in parts of Ethiopia and Kenya, and the ongoing threat of piracy. Unilateral actions that undermine existing borders and political structures could further complicate these issues. Experts suggest this move by Israel is part of a wider strategy to court allies in the region, deepening geopolitical rivalries.
Furthermore, the recognition raises questions about the role of external actors in the Somali conflict.
Somalia’s Response and International Reactions
The Somali government swiftly condemned Israel’s recognition of Somaliland, recalling its ambassador from Israel and severing diplomatic ties. President Hassan Sheikh Mohamud described the move as “a clear violation of Somalia’s sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity” in a televised address. Somalia has appealed to the international community to reject the recognition.
The African Union (AU) has also expressed its reservations, reiterating its commitment to Somalia’s sovereignty and territorial integrity. While several countries have maintained informal ties with Somaliland, few have been willing to formally recognize its independence, largely due to concerns about setting a precedent for secessionist movements elsewhere on the continent. The United States, a key partner to both Somalia and Somaliland, has stated it will not change its position of recognizing only one Somalia.
This situation also touches upon the broader Israeli-Palestinian conflict. Some observers believe Israel’s actions are intended to divert attention from its policies in the occupied territories and build support in Africa. The lack of widespread condemnation from other nations has prompted criticism about the consistency of international standards regarding self-determination and national sovereignty, affecting regional security.
The OIC’s statement underscores the importance of dialogue and peaceful resolution of disputes.
Looking ahead, the OIC has indicated it will continue to closely monitor the situation and engage with relevant stakeholders to de-escalate tensions and support a peaceful resolution. The immediate future likely involves further diplomatic efforts by Somalia to rally international support and pressure Israel to reverse its decision. The potential for increased instability in the Horn of Africa remains a significant concern and will require sustained attention from the international community. It remains uncertain whether Israel will reconsider its position in light of the widespread condemnation, and further developments concerning Somaliland’s status are expected in the coming weeks.
