Researchers have found that cognitive stimulation and strong personal relationships can help protect against dementia, while stress can diminish that protection. Stressors may include caring for others and dealing with cognitive decline. Experts believe that stress management techniques should be a crucial component of dementia and Alzheimer’s disease prevention and care. Stress can counteract the positive effects of lifestyle factors known to enhance cognition in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia.
A recent study published in the journal Alzheimer’s & Dementia by researchers from the Karolinska Institute in Sweden revealed that the cognitive benefits associated with engaging and rewarding life experiences can be hampered by both physiological and psychological stress. The research suggests that mindfulness exercises and meditation could potentially reduce cortisol levels and improve cognition, making stress management strategies a valuable addition to existing lifestyle interventions in Alzheimer’s prevention.
Previous studies have shown that a strong cognitive reserve index (CRI) can be protective against cognitive decline in individuals with Alzheimer’s disease. Factors contributing to a high CRI include stimulating life experiences, higher education levels, complex jobs, physical and leisure activities, and healthy social interactions. In the latest research, the link between CRI scores, cognition, Alzheimer’s disease biomarkers, and perceived stress levels were analyzed in 113 participants from the memory clinic at the Karolinska University Hospital. The study found that higher levels of perceived stress, as indicated by elevated cortisol levels, reduced the positive association between CRI scores and cognitive function.
Chronic stress, often triggered by factors like caregiving responsibilities, can result in high cortisol levels that may damage the hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory. Dr. Logan DuBose, a resident physician at George Washington University, mentioned that persistent stress can negate the benefits of cognitive reserve and neuroplasticity, worsening dementia symptoms. Occupations that involve high levels of stress, such as being a pilot or medical professional, could potentially increase the risk of dementia due to elevated cortisol levels. Stress management strategies like mindfulness exercises, physical activity, and therapy may help mitigate this risk and promote cognitive health.
Angela Morrell, a speech-language pathologist at Georgetown University Hospital, emphasized the importance of mentally stimulating activities in enhancing neural pathways and cognitive functions in individuals with dementia. Language-based activities such as storytelling and word games can be beneficial for memory and communication skills. Morrell also noted that managing stress is crucial for individuals with dementia, as chronic stress can impair memory and communication. Incorporating stress management techniques like relaxation exercises and mindfulness practices into therapy plans can help improve the quality of life for those with dementia.
The study conducted by the Karolinska Institute was limited by its small sample size and the lack of comprehensive control over sleep quality, which can impact cognition. However, the findings underscore the significance of stress management in dementia prevention and care. Understanding the impact of stress on cognition and incorporating stress reduction techniques into personalized treatment plans could potentially enhance the well-being and cognitive function of individuals with Alzheimer’s disease and dementia. Maintaining a balance between cognitive stimulation and stress management strategies may be key in preserving cognitive health and overall quality of life for those at risk of dementia.
