High blood pressure is a common health issue that can lead to serious complications, including cognitive impairment. Researchers are interested in finding ways to reduce the risk of cognitive problems among individuals with high blood pressure, and a recent study suggests that vigorous exercise habits may play a protective role. Cognitive impairment can impact various aspects of a person’s life, affecting their quality of life and day-to-day activities. High blood pressure, also known as hypertension, is a significant risk factor for cognitive disorders, including Alzheimer’s disease and vascular dementia. Researchers are exploring potential protective actions that people with high blood pressure can take to preserve cognitive function.
A study published in Alzheimer’s & Dementia: The Journal of the Alzheimer’s Association examined the relationship between vigorous physical activity and the risk for mild cognitive impairment among individuals with high blood pressure. The findings revealed that participants who engaged in one or more sessions of vigorous physical activity per week had a lower risk of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia. These results suggest that vigorous exercise may help preserve cognitive function in individuals with high blood pressure, ultimately reducing the risk of cognitive decline. José Morales, MD, a vascular neurologist and neurointerventional surgeon, explained that hypertension damages the small blood vessels in the brain, leading to progressive brain damage and cognitive impairment.
The study involved over 9,000 adults in the United States with high blood pressure who were asked about their frequency of engaging in vigorous physical activity. Participants were categorized based on their level of vigorous physical activity, ranging from rare or never to five or more sessions per week. Researchers divided participants into low and high-vigorous physical activity groups and conducted cognitive assessments to determine the risk of mild cognitive impairment and probable dementia. The results showed that individuals in the high vigorous physical activity group were at a lower risk for cognitive impairment compared to those in the low-vigorous physical activity group. The association was stronger in participants under 75 years old, Black participants, and those with prior cardiovascular disease.
While the study provides valuable insights into the benefits of vigorous physical activity in reducing the risk of cognitive impairment among individuals with high blood pressure, there are some limitations to consider. Data from self-reports may be inaccurate, and the lack of diversity among participants suggests a need for greater representation in future research. Additionally, the study’s findings may not be applicable to individuals with certain conditions not represented in the research, such as diabetes. Future studies with longer follow-up times and diverse populations are needed to confirm the benefits of vigorous physical activity in protecting cognitive function. Despite these limitations, the study highlights the importance of lifestyle changes, such as exercise, in preserving brain health and functioning in individuals with high blood pressure.
