Sweden and Finland have recently joined NATO, enhancing the military alliance’s presence in the Arctic region. Russia, historically ahead in the militarisation of the Arctic, poses a significant threat with its long-range defence capabilities, including nuclear submarines. However, NATO aims to bridge this gap by incorporating Sweden and Finland into its strategy, as seven of the eight Arctic Council members are now part of the military alliance. This move enables better coordination and deployment of resources in the Arctic, increasing security presence.
Sweden and Finland bring valuable assets to NATO in the Arctic, with both countries developing important military capabilities against the threats posed by Russia. Stockholm has been ramping up its defence budget and personnel numbers, while working closely with allies such as Norway in the Arctic. The trio of Sweden, Finland, and Norway has signed a defence cooperation agreement with a focus on the Far North, strengthening joint operational processes and military cooperation. Sweden’s significant resources, including key mining operations and a major data center hub, further contribute to Europe’s development in the region.
Despite these advancements, NATO faces challenges in situational awareness in the Arctic, leaving the alliance vulnerable to potential threats. Integrating forces and defence plans across different theatres and domains is crucial to establishing a comprehensive security approach. Admiral Rob Bauer, Chair of the NATO Military Committee, cautioned against the increasing competition and militarisation led by Russia and China in the Arctic, emphasizing the need for vigilance. China, positioning itself as a near-Arctic state, has been aligning with Russia to expand influence and gain access to the region, raising concerns for the alliance.
China and Russia have jointly launched natural gas production projects in the Arctic and conducted military exercises, heightening tensions in the region. Norway has increased its military alert level in response to these actions. Liselotte Odgaard of the Hudson Institute believes that Finland and Sweden’s NATO accession will particularly benefit the Baltic Sea region, where countries like Norway and Denmark have critical surveillance responsibilities against potential Russian threats. Addressing gaps in NATO’s defence posture, particularly in detecting Russian submarines that could launch attacks towards North America through Greenlandic airspace, is essential for enhancing security in the region.
In conclusion, Sweden and Finland’s entry into NATO is a significant step towards bolstering the alliance’s presence in the Arctic region and countering Russian threats. These countries bring valuable assets and capabilities to the table, enhancing coordination and deployment of resources in the Far North. However, challenges remain in ensuring situational awareness and addressing gaps in defence posture, especially in light of increasing competition and militarisation by Russia and China in the Arctic. NATO must continue to strategize and collaborate with member states to safeguard the region and respond effectively to emerging threats.
