By Euronews
Published on
Tensions flared at this year’s World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland, as disagreements between Europe and the United States regarding Greenland escalated, sparking fears of a potential trade war. The dispute, centering on the Arctic territory, prompted threats of import duties and highlighted a significant shift in the global geopolitical landscape. While a NATO-brokered agreement temporarily de-escalated the situation, the underlying economic risks remain a concern for international markets.
The discussions in Davos, which concluded on January 26, 2026, revealed a growing rift between the transatlantic allies. The United States initially signaled a willingness to pursue a deal regarding Greenland, but faced strong opposition from European nations. This disagreement underscored broader anxieties about the future of international cooperation and the potential for increased protectionism.
The Greenland Dispute and Global Trade
The core of the dispute revolves around the strategic importance of Greenland, a vast autonomous territory within the Kingdom of Denmark. The United States, reportedly interested in securing greater access to the island’s natural resources and its geopolitical position, proposed potential economic arrangements. However, European leaders voiced concerns about sovereignty and the potential for undue influence.
According to Harvard University professor Gita Gopinath, the situation represents a “significant shift” in the world order. She noted that while the majority of global trade still operates under the rules of the World Trade Organization, the current climate is precarious. This instability is further compounded by rising geopolitical risks and increasing nationalistic tendencies in several major economies.
Economic Implications of a Trade War
A full-blown trade war between the United States and Europe would have far-reaching consequences. Disruptions to supply chains, increased tariffs, and reduced investment could significantly slow global economic growth. The International Monetary Fund (IMF) has repeatedly warned against the dangers of protectionist policies, emphasizing the benefits of open and rules-based trade. The IMF provides analysis and surveillance of the global economy.
Additionally, the dispute over Greenland highlights the growing competition for resources in the Arctic region. As climate change melts polar ice caps, access to previously inaccessible resources becomes more feasible, intensifying geopolitical rivalries. This competition extends beyond economic interests to include strategic military considerations.
European Response and Strengthening the Single Market
Professor Gopinath argues that Europe’s response to these geopolitical challenges must focus on strengthening the single market. She believes that undertaking comprehensive reforms across all 27 Member States and demonstrating a unified front would send a powerful message to the international community. This includes addressing issues such as regulatory divergence and barriers to cross-border investment.
However, achieving such unity is a complex undertaking. Differing national interests and political priorities often hinder progress on deeper integration. The European Union faces ongoing challenges in balancing national sovereignty with the need for collective action.
Meanwhile, the resolution brokered by NATO Secretary General Mark Rutte offers a temporary reprieve. The “framework of future deal” aims to facilitate further discussions and prevent an immediate escalation of tensions. However, the long-term implications of the dispute remain uncertain. The situation also underscores the importance of transatlantic cooperation in addressing shared security and economic challenges. NATO plays a crucial role in maintaining peace and security in the Euro-Atlantic area.
Looking ahead, the focus will be on whether the United States and Europe can find common ground on Greenland and broader trade issues. The outcome of these negotiations will have significant implications for the future of the global economy and the international order. Investors and policymakers will be closely monitoring developments for signs of further escalation or a return to constructive dialogue. The stability of international relations and the future of trade will depend on finding a path forward.